Title: Comprehensive Anemia Panel
Description: Anemia is a common condition characterized by a reduced number of red blood cells (RBCs) or a lower-than-normal concentration of hemoglobin, resulting in diminished oxygen delivery to tissues. The Anemia Panel, including Complete Blood Count (CBC), Ferritin, Folic Acid, and Vitamin B12, is a comprehensive diagnostic tool used to identify the type and cause of anemia.
1. Complete Blood Count (CBC)
The CBC is a foundational test for diagnosing anemia. It provides a detailed analysis of blood components, including:
- Hemoglobin (Hb): Measures the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.
- Hematocrit (Hct): Reflects the proportion of blood volume occupied by red blood cells.
- Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV): Indicates the average size of red blood cells, aiding in the classification of anemia (microcytic, normocytic, or macrocytic).
- Red Blood Cell Count (RBC): Assesses the total number of red blood cells.
- Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW): Evaluates the variation in red blood cell size, helpful in differentiating between anemia types.
2. Ferritin
Ferritin is a protein that stores iron, making it a key indicator of the body’s iron reserves.
- Low Ferritin: Suggests iron deficiency anemia, often caused by poor dietary intake, blood loss, or malabsorption.
- High Ferritin: May indicate anemia of chronic disease or conditions such as hemochromatosis or inflammation.
3. Folic Acid (Folate)
Folic acid is essential for DNA synthesis and red blood cell production. Deficiency can lead to macrocytic anemia, where red blood cells are larger than normal but fewer in number.
- Causes of Deficiency: Poor diet, malabsorption (e.g., celiac disease), chronic alcoholism, or increased demand during pregnancy.
- Clinical Signs: Fatigue, pallor, and glossitis (inflammation of the tongue).
4. Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 plays a critical role in red blood cell formation and neurological function. Its deficiency results in macrocytic anemia and can lead to severe neurological complications if untreated.
- Low Levels: Common in pernicious anemia, strict vegetarian diets, or malabsorption syndromes like atrophic gastritis.
- Clinical Signs: Fatigue, tingling or numbness in the extremities, and difficulty walking.
It helps identify causes such as iron deficiency, vitamin deficiencies, or chronic disease.
Ideal for individuals experiencing fatigue, weakness, or other anemia-related symptoms.
- Instructions: Fasting for 6–8 hours before the test is usually required. Always follow specific instructions provided by your physician for the most accurate results.
